I love this explanation, (pages 382, 383):
"Kahneman (2012) distinguishes between two basic systems that operate in our minds. System 1 (or
“fast thinking”) “operates quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control” (p. 20). It
is asserted that this system is intuitive, makes use of heuristics (cognitive “rules of thumb”) and that,
through experience, this system allows us to become experts in certain areas and respond quickly,
automatically, and correctly, in many situations. System 1 is described as operating “effortlessly” (p.
21), while System 2 (or “slow thinking”) requires exertion. Because the mind is lazy (or “efficient”),
Kahneman argues that it will only employ System 2 when System 1 fails (or when a person believes
that System 1 will fail):
“The defining feature of System 2, in this story, is that its operations are effortful, and one of the
main characteristics is laziness, a reluctance to invest more effort than is strictly necessary” (p. 31)."
"To avoid cognitive exhaustion and minimise errors a person should utilise System 1 in situations when
it is likely to be accurate and System 2 when System 1 is vulnerable to failure. If then, individuals are
convinced to abandon System 2 when forming a belief that requires careful thought, these people
would be vulnerable to certain errors. Once that defence is no longer in place, processes which are
known to cause errors with System 1 can be used and this could lead these individuals to form opinions
and take on beliefs that might otherwise be rejected. Regardless of whether the opinions/beliefs taken
on are valid, a process that deliberately emphasises intuition, devalues considered thought, and then
(knowingly or unknowingly) takes advantage of the loopholes in System 1 might be considered
unethical. According to Kahneman (2012) an environment that is draining, and which requires
constant vigilance is one way to get a person to abandon System 2. Clearly this applies to LGATs"
"Kahneman (2012) distinguishes between two basic systems that operate in our minds. System 1 (or
“fast thinking”) “operates quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control” (p. 20). It
is asserted that this system is intuitive, makes use of heuristics (cognitive “rules of thumb”) and that,
through experience, this system allows us to become experts in certain areas and respond quickly,
automatically, and correctly, in many situations. System 1 is described as operating “effortlessly” (p.
21), while System 2 (or “slow thinking”) requires exertion. Because the mind is lazy (or “efficient”),
Kahneman argues that it will only employ System 2 when System 1 fails (or when a person believes
that System 1 will fail):
“The defining feature of System 2, in this story, is that its operations are effortful, and one of the
main characteristics is laziness, a reluctance to invest more effort than is strictly necessary” (p. 31)."
"To avoid cognitive exhaustion and minimise errors a person should utilise System 1 in situations when
it is likely to be accurate and System 2 when System 1 is vulnerable to failure. If then, individuals are
convinced to abandon System 2 when forming a belief that requires careful thought, these people
would be vulnerable to certain errors. Once that defence is no longer in place, processes which are
known to cause errors with System 1 can be used and this could lead these individuals to form opinions
and take on beliefs that might otherwise be rejected. Regardless of whether the opinions/beliefs taken
on are valid, a process that deliberately emphasises intuition, devalues considered thought, and then
(knowingly or unknowingly) takes advantage of the loopholes in System 1 might be considered
unethical. According to Kahneman (2012) an environment that is draining, and which requires
constant vigilance is one way to get a person to abandon System 2. Clearly this applies to LGATs"